Look at ptr N-d10
There are several cases where a dagesh is put inside the first letter of a word unless this first letter is guttural or ר.
Here are the main:
If the word takes the article:
[Gen 1:26] the sea הַ|יָּם / ים [2Ki 25:13] sea יָם [Isa 14:26] the hand הַ|יָּד / יד [Gen 38:28] hand יָד If the word has a prefixed preposition ב, כ, ל, that bears the article, namely בַ, כַ, לַ.
[Exo 15:19] (in the) sea בַּ|יָּם / ים [Isa 57:20] (like the) sea כַּ|יָּם / ים [Deu 30:13] (to the) sea לַ|יָּם / ים [2Ki 25:13] sea יָם If the word has prefixed preposition מִ
[Jos 8:9] from/than sea מִ|יָּם / ים [2Ki 25:13] sea יָם [Jer 22:24] from there מִ|שָּׁם / שם [Gen 2:8] there שָׁם If the word is preceded by prefixed conjunction שׁ:
[Psa 122:4] that there שֶׁ|שָּׁם / שם [Gen 2:8] there שָׁם In the Bible, in some especial or particular cases, often without any apparent reason:
[Exo 17:6] there שָּׁם / שם [Gen 2:8] there שָׁם [] []
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